How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop

This tutorial will show you how to instantly convert a high contrast black and white photo in Photoshop using Gradient Maps. There are many ways to convert a photo to black and white, but Gradient Maps are one of the best because they are fast, easy to use, and produce great results. This article will show you how to use Gradient Maps and the secret behind why Gradient Maps give black and white photos such a high contrast look.

Gradient Maps vs. Photoshop's Desaturate Command

To really see how well Gradient Maps can work with black and white images, compare it to Photoshop’s Desaturate command, which is a quick way to remove color from an image. Both Gradient Maps and the Desaturate command are essentially one-click solutions, so let’s see which one is better at converting an image to black and white.

We'll start with the Desaturate command. In the Layers panel, the image will appear on the Background layer:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Photoshop's Layers panel shows the image on the Background layer.

Make a copy of the Background layer by dragging down the New Layer icon :

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Make a copy of the Background layer in Photoshop's Layers panel.

Then double-click on the name of the copy (Background copy):

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Double-click the name of the Background copy.

And rename it to Desaturated . Press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) to accept:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Rename the layer Desaturated.

To remove the color, go to the Image menu in the Menu bar , then go to Adjustments :

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Open Photoshop's Image menu and select Adjustments.

And select the Desaturate command:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Select the Desaturate command in Photoshop

Photoshop instantly removes the color from the image, leaving black and white.

But the results aren't very impressive. There are no dark shadows or bright highlights to create the high contrast we expect in a beautiful black and white image. Instead, it just looks like an image without color:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Black and white image using Photoshop's Desaturate command

How to Convert Image to Black and White Using Gradient Map

So let's compare the result from the Desaturate command with the result we got when using Gradient Map.

Turn off the Desaturated layer by clicking on its visibility icon:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Turn off Desaturated layer.

Step 1: Reset Photoshop's Foreground and Background colors

Before adding a Gradient Map, make sure that in the toolbar your Foreground and Background colors are set to default, with black for the Foreground and white for the Background:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Photoshop Foreground and Background Colors in the toolbar

The reason is that by default, Gradient Maps use gradients based on the current Foreground and Background colors. So if your color is set to something else, click the little Reset icon above. Or press the letter D (dèault) on your keyboard:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Reset Photoshop Foreground and Background colors in the toolbar

Step 2: Add Gradient Map adjustment layer

Then, to add a Gradient Map, go back to the Layers panel, click the New Fill or Adjustment Layer icon at the bottom:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Click the New Fill or Adjustment Layer icon in Photoshop's Layers panel.

And select a Gradient Map adjustment layer from the list:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Add a Gradient Map adjustment layer above the image

Immediately, we get a much higher contrast black and white image, with darker shadows, brighter highlights, and more detail overall:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Black and white result when using Gradient Map.

Compare the results

Here is a comparison of the results from the Desaturate command (left) and the Gradient Map (right).

You can easily see how much better the black and white version of the Gradient Map looks, despite taking the same amount of time. The higher contrast makes the image pop, with more detail in the model’s face and hair, and clearer patterns on the sweater and in the background:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Comparing black and white conversions from Photoshop's Desaturate command (left) and Gradient Map (right)

How do Gradient Maps convert images to black and white?

So why are Gradient Maps so effective at creating high-contrast black and white images? There are actually two reasons. The first is because of the way Gradient Maps work: Gradient Maps take the original colors in an image and replace them with colors from a gradient.

In the Properties panel , we'll see the gradient that the Gradient Map is using. By default, this gradient is based on the Foreground and Background colors, which is why we'll reset them to black and white:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Photoshop's Properties panel shows the gradient currently being used by the Gradient Map.

Gradient Maps replace colors based on their brightness. So, since we're using a black to white gradient, the darkest colors in the image will be replaced with black or dark gray. The lightest colors are now white or light gray. And the colors with brightness in between now have shades of gray from the intermediate tones in the gradient:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
The original colors are replaced with gradient colors based on their brightness.

Why do Gradient Maps produce high contrast images?

So that's why the image is converted to black and white when the Gradient Map is added. But why is the black and white image so high contrast? Why is the contrast of the Gradient Map higher not only than the desaturated version, but also higher than the original image? The reason is because of an option in the Gradient Editor.

Open Gradient Editor

To open the Gradient Editor, click the gradient in the Properties panel :

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Click the gradient in the Properties panel to open Photoshop's Gradient Editor.

Smoothness Options

And here in the Gradient Editor, just above the gradient preview bar, there's an option called Smoothness . By default, Smoothness is set to 100% . That means Photoshop is trying to smooth out the transitions between different colors, or in this case, different shades of gray, in the gradient:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Smoothness option set to 100% in Photoshop's Gradient Editor

How does smoothness affect contrast?

But this smoothing feature also increases the contrast in the gradient. It increases the difference between dark and light tones by pushing dark tones towards black and light tones towards white. And this is what gives black and white images their higher contrast appearance.

Let's see what happens to the image if we reduce Smoothness to 0%:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Reduce the Smoothness option for the gradient to 0%

The high contrast is lost and the black and white image now looks more like the result from the Desaturate command:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Black and white image result after reducing the Smoothness option for the gradient to 0%

But when Smoothness is increased back to 100%, the higher contrast returns:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Increasing the Smoothness value will increase the contrast.

Expand and contract dark and light areas

If you pay attention to the gradient preview bar as you increase and decrease the Smoothness value, you can actually see what's happening to the gradient. Notice how the darkest shades on the left and the lightest shades on the right extend inward toward the midtones with Smoothness set to 100%:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Shadows and highlights are extended with Smoothness at 100%.

But when you reduce the Smoothness value, those darkest and lightest shades are pushed back toward the edges, brightening the midtones. And at 0% smoothness, we get a more natural transition from black to white:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Shadows and highlights are narrowed with Smoothness at 0%.

Leave Smoothness at 0% for now and click OK to close the Gradient Editor.

And here's a comparison between the desaturated version (left) and the Gradient Map with Smoothness set to 0% (right). Now that we've removed the advantage of the Gradient Map by reducing the smoothness, the two versions look more similar, although the Gradient Map still looks a little better:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Without smoothing, the Gradient Map (right) looks more like the desaturated image (left).

Of course, the purpose of using a Gradient Map is to get that high contrast effect. So, open the Gradient Editor again and reset the Smoothness to 100%. Then, click OK to close it. And now, we're back to our high contrast black and white image:

How to Convert to High Contrast Black and White Photos Instantly in Photoshop
Results with Smoothness reset to 100%.

You’ve seen why Gradient Maps create such high-contrast black and white photos. But to use a Gradient Map, just make sure your Foreground and Background colors are set to default. Press D on your keyboard if they aren’t already set. Then, in the Layers panel , click the New Fill or Adjustment Layer icon , select Gradient Map , and you’re done!

But Gradient Maps can do more than convert images to black and white. They're also great for adding creative color effects to images.

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