How to use operators in Golang
Operators allow us to perform different types of operations on operands. In Go language, operators can be classified based on their different functions.
The short variable declaration operator (:=) in Golang is used to create variables with a specific name and initial value. The main purpose of using this operator is to declare and initialize local variables inside functions and to narrow the scope of variables. The type of the variable is determined by the type of the expression. The var keyword is also used to create variables of a specific type. So you can say that there are two ways to create variables in Golang as follows:

Now let's learn how to use the short variable declaration operator in Golang!
Main content
variable_name := biểu thức hoặc giá trị
Here, you have to initialize the variable immediately after declaration. But using var keyword , you can avoid initialization at the time of declaration. There is no need to mention the type of the variable. The expression or value on the right side is used to evaluate the type of the variable.
For example, here we are declaring variables using the short declaration operator and not specifying the type of the variable. The type of the variable is determined by the type of the expression on the right side of the operator :=.
// Minh họa chương trình Go dùng := (toán tử khai báo ngắn)
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// khai báo và khởi tạo biến
a := 30
// lấy một biến chuỗi
Language: = "Go Programming"
fmt.Println("The Value of a is: ", a)
fmt.Println("The Value of Language is: ", Language)
}
Result:
The Value of a is: 30
The Value of Language is: Go Programming
The short declaration operator can also be used to declare multiple variables of the same or different types in a single declaration. The types of these variables are evaluated by the expression on the right side of the operator :=.
For example:
// Minh họa chương trình Go dùng toán tử khai báo ngắn := short để khai báo nhiều
// biến thành một câu lệnh khai báo duy nhất
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// nhiều biến của cùng kiểu(int)
geek1, geek2, geek3 := 117, 7834, 5685
// nhiều biến của các kiểu khác nhau
geek4, geek5, geek6 := "GFG", 859.24, 1234
// Hiện giá trị và kiểu của biến
fmt.Printf("The value of geek1 is : %d\n", geek1)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek1 is : %T\n", geek1)
fmt.Printf("\nThe value of geek2 is : %d\n", geek2)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek2 is : %T\n", geek2)
fmt.Printf("\nThe value of geek3 is : %d\n", geek3)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek3 is : %T\n", geek3)
fmt.Printf("\nThe value of geek4 is : %s\n", geek4)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek4 is : %T\n", geek4)
fmt.Printf("\nThe value of geek5 is : %f\n", geek5)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek5 is : %T\n", geek5)
fmt.Printf("\nThe value of geek6 is : %d\n", geek6)
fmt.Printf("The type of geek6 is : %T\n", geek6)
}
Result:
The value of geek1 is : 117
The type of geek1 is : int
The value of geek2 is : 7834
The type of geek2 is : int
The value of geek3 is : 5685
The type of geek3 is : int
The value of geek4 is : GFG
The type of geek4 is : string
The value of geek5 is : 859.240000
The type of geek5 is : float64
The value of geek6 is : 1234
The type of geek6 is : int
Important points to remember:
The short declaration operator can be used when at least one variable on the left side of the operator :=is newly declared. The short variable declaration operator works like an assignment to variables that have been declared in the same lexical block. To understand this concept better, let's take an example.
Example 1: The program below will throw an error because there is no new variable on the left side of the operator :=.
// Minh họa chương trình Go dùng khai báo biến ngắn
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// lấy hai biến
p, q := 100, 200
fmt.Println("Value of p ", p, "Value of q ", q)
// Báo lỗi vì không có biến mới ở bên tay trái của :=
p, q := 500, 600
fmt.Println("Value of p ", p, "Value of q ", q)
}
Error:
./prog.go:17:10: no new variables on left side of :=
Example 2:
In the program below, you can see the line geek3, geek2 := 456, 200 will work fine without any error because there is at least one new variable i.e. geek3 on the left side of the operator :=.
// Chương trình Go dùng toán tử khai báo biến ngắn
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Ở đây, khai báo biến ngắn hoạt động
// như một phép gán cho biến geek1
// vì cùng một biến có trong cùng một khối
// do đó giá trị của geek2 được thay đổi từ 100 thành 200
geek1, geek2 := 78, 100
// ở đây, := được sử dụng như một phép gán cho geek2
// vì nó đã được khai báo. Ngoài ra, dòng này
// sẽ hoạt động tốt vì geek3 mới được tạo
// biến
geek3, geek2 := 456, 200
// Nếu bạn thử chạy các dòng được chú thích,
// thì trình biên dịch sẽ báo lỗi vì
// các biến này đã được định nghĩa
// geek1, geek2 := 745, 956
// geek3 := 150
// Hiện giá trị của các biến
fmt.Printf("The value of geek1 and geek2 is : %d %d\n", geek1, geek2)
fmt.Printf("The value of geek3 and geek2 is : %d %d\n", geek3, geek2)
}
Result:
The value of geek1 and geek2 is : 78 200
The value of geek3 and geek2 is : 456 200
Go is a strongly typed language because you cannot assign a value of a different data type to a declared variable.
For example:
// Minh họa chương trình Go dùng toán tử khai báo biến ngắn
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// lấy một biến của int
z := 50
fmt.Printf("Value of z is %d", z)
// gán lại giá trị của kiểu chuỗi
// nó sẽ đưa ra lỗi
z := "Golang"
}
Error:
./prog.go:16:4: no new variables on left side of :=
./prog.go:16:7: cannot use “Golang” (type string) as type int in assignment
In a short variable declaration, Golang allows initializing a set of variables using a function call that returns multiple values. Or you can say variables can also be assigned values that are evaluated at runtime.
For example:
// Tại đây, hàm math.Max function trả về
// số lớn nhất trong biến i
i := math.Max(x, y)
With the help of short declaration operator (:=), you can declare local variables whose scope is only at the block level. Generally, local variables are declared inside the function block. If you try to declare global variables using short declaration operator then you will get an error.
Example 1:
// Chương trình Go hiển thị cách sử dụng toán tử :=
// để khai báo các biến cục bộ
package main
import "fmt"
// sử dụng từ khóa var để khai báo
// và khởi tạo biến
// đó là package hoặc bạn có thể nói
// phạm vi cấp toàn cục
var geek1 = 900
// sử dụng khai báo biến ngắn
// sẽ báo lỗi
geek2 := 200
func main() {
// truy cập geek1 bên trong hàm
fmt.Println(geek1)
// truy cập geek2 bên trong hàm
fmt.Println(geek2)
}
Error:
./prog.go:15:1: syntax error: non-declaration statement outside function body
Example 2:
// Chương trình Go dùng toán tử := operator
// để khai báo các biến cục bộ
package main
import "fmt"
// dùng từ khóa var để khai báo
// và khởi tạo biến
// nó đóng gói hoặc bạn có thể báo
// phạm vi cấp toàn cục
var geek1 = 900
func main() {
// dùng khai báo biến ngắn
// bên trong hàm chính
// nó có phạm vi cục bộ tức là không thể
// truy cập bên ngoài hàm chính
geek2 := 200
// truy cập geek1 bên trong hàm n��y
fmt.Println(geek1)
// truy cập geek2 bên trong hàm này
fmt.Println(geek2)
}
Result:
900
200
Tired of Microsoft Teams "How Update" Error 2026 blocking your updates? Follow our proven, step-by-step solutions to resolve it fast and restore smooth teamwork. Works for latest Teams versions!
Discover how to use Microsoft Teams for business with this complete guide. Learn setup, meetings, collaboration, and pro tips to supercharge your workflow and team efficiency.
Master how to record a Microsoft Teams meeting with this simple step-by-step guide. Capture every detail effortlessly—perfect for work, training, or reviews. Updated for the latest features.
Struggling with Microsoft Teams 'OneDrive Error' syncing issues? Discover proven, step-by-step troubleshooting tips to resolve OneDrive sync errors in Teams quickly and restore seamless collaboration. Updated with the latest fixes.
Tired of Microsoft Teams password error blocking your work? Master solving Microsoft Teams "Password Error" recovery with proven, step-by-step fixes. Regain access fast and frustration-free!
Struggling with Microsoft Teams installation errors on Windows 11? Get step-by-step fixes for common issues like 0x80070005, 80070422, and more. Quick, effective troubleshooting to get you back to collaborating seamlessly.
Tired of Microsoft Teams "Screen Error" black screen ruining your meetings? Discover proven, step-by-step troubleshooting fixes for Teams black screen issues, screen sharing errors, and more. Get back to seamless collaboration fast!
As you age, many of your bodys organs can weaken, but it doesnt have to be that way if you take care of yourself. Here are the most essential vitamins for women over 50.
Frustrated with the endless Microsoft Teams Update Error loop? Discover step-by-step fixes to resolve stuck updates, clear cache, reinstall, and more. Get back to seamless collaboration fast!
Encountering Microsoft Teams "Download Error" on your phone? Get instant fixes for Android & iOS. Clear cache, update apps, and more—back to chatting in minutes without frustration!
Struggling with Microsoft Teams VOIP connection error? Discover step-by-step fixes to solve Microsoft Teams VOIP connection error instantly. Network tweaks, cache clears, and more for seamless video calls.
Tired of the frustrating Microsoft Teams 'Unexpected Error' on startup? Discover step-by-step fixes, from clearing cache to advanced resets, to get Teams running smoothly again. Quick, reliable solutions for Windows and Mac users.
Tired of Microsoft Teams "Download Error" Unexpected blocking your workflow? Follow our expert, step-by-step guide with quick fixes and advanced tips to resolve it instantly. No reinstall needed!
Oil heaters make noise, leak oil, and do not heat up. These are all problems that arise when using a heater. So what are the causes of these problems? Read our article below!
Master how to assign participants to breakout rooms in Microsoft Teams with this step-by-step guide. Boost meeting engagement, automate assignments, and troubleshoot like a pro for seamless virtual collaboration.